Table. Diseases with vaccination recommendations for which serological testing prior to vaccination is not routinely recommended
| Vaccine antigen | Rationale for serological testing being not routinely recommended |
|---|---|
| Cholera | There is no reliable commercial serological test available, and the correlate of protection is unclear |
| COVID-19 | The decision to vaccinate is not influenced by serological testing results (vaccination recommendations are based on risk and timing of previous doses), assays are poorly standardised and a correlate of protection has not been well characterised. |
| Diphtheria | The decision to vaccinate is not influenced by serological testing results (the exception is laboratory workers who may be exposed to toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in their jobs) |
| Haemophilus influenzae B (Hib) | The decision to vaccinate is not influenced by serological testing results |
| Human papillomavirus (HPV) | There is no reliable commercial serological test available, and the correlate of protection is unclear |
| Influenza | Seasonal influenza vaccination should be given annually, regardless of previous vaccination or serological status |
| Japanese encephalitis | There is no reliable commercial serological test available |
| Meningococcal disease | There is no reliable commercial serological test available, and the correlate of protection is unclear |
| Mpox | There is no reliable commercial serological test available, and the correlate of protection is unclear |
| Pertussis | There is no reliable commercial serological test available, and the correlate of protection is unclear |
| Pneumococcal disease | There is no reliable commercial serological test available, and the correlate of protection is unclear |
| Polio | The decision to vaccinate is not influenced by serological testing results |
| Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) | There is no reliable commercial serological test available, and the correlate of protection is unclear |
| Rotavirus | There is no reliable commercial serological test available, and the correlate of protection is unclear |
| Tetanus | The decision to vaccinate is not influenced by serological testing results |
| Tuberculosis (BCG vaccine) | There is no reliable commercial serological test available |
| Typhoid | There is no reliable commercial serological test available, and the correlate of protection is unclear |
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