Vaccination for other groups (inmates, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, and sex workers)

Inmates of correctional facilities are at risk of acquiring certain vaccine-preventable diseases, and should receive vaccines against:¹

• influenza²
• hepatitis A³
• hepatitis B⁴

Inmates of correctional facilities should also be up to date with routinely recommended vaccines for adults, such as dT (diphtheria-tetanus)–containing and MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccines. See also Table. Catch-up schedule for people ≥10 years of age (for vaccines recommended on a population level) in Catch-up vaccination.

Men who have sex with men are at risk of acquiring certain vaccine-preventable diseases,⁵ and should receive vaccines against:

• hepatitis A
• hepatitis B
• HPV (human papillomavirus)

Men who have sex with men should also be up to date with routinely recommended vaccines for adults, such as dT-containing and MMR vaccines. See also Table. Catch-up schedule for people ≥10 years of age (for vaccines recommended on a population level) in Catch-up vaccination.

People who inject drugs are at risk of acquiring certain vaccine-preventable diseases,⁶ and should receive vaccines against:

• hepatitis A
• hepatitis B 

People who inject drugs should also be up to date with routinely recommended vaccines for adults, such as dT-containing and MMR vaccines. See also Table. Catch-up schedule for people ≥10 years of age (for vaccines recommended on a population level) in Catch-up vaccination.

Sex industry workers are at risk of acquiring certain vaccine-preventable diseases, and should receive vaccines against:

• hepatitis A
• hepatitis B

Also consider HPV vaccine (see Human papillomavirus). 

Sex industry workers should also be up to date with routinely recommended vaccines for adults, such as dT-containing and MMR vaccines. See also Table. Catch-up schedule for people ≥10 years of age (for vaccines recommended on a population level) in Catch-up vaccination.

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Weinbaum C, Lyerla R, Margolis HS. Prevention and control of infections with hepatitis viruses in correctional settings. [erratum appears in MMWR Recomm Rep. 2003 Mar 14;52(10):205-14]. MMWR. Recommendations and Reports 2003;52(RR-1):1-36.
2. Bick JA. Infection control in jails and prisons. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2007;45:1047-55.
3. Crofts N, Cooper G, Stewart T, et al. Exposure to hepatitis A virus among blood donors, injecting drug users and prison entrants in Victoria. Journal of Viral Hepatitis 1997;4:333-8.
4. Weinbaum CM, Sabin KM, Santibanez SS. Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV in correctional populations: a review of epidemiology and prevention. AIDS 2005;19 Suppl 3:S41-6.
5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Viral hepatitis and men who have sex with men. 2018 (accessed May 2018). 
6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). People who inject drugs and viral hepatitis. 2018 (accessed May 2018).